Finding the "FLOW" state for kids in sports

Came across this interesting talk on TED:

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Flow, the secret to happiness - where he talks about how the right combination of Skill & Challenge is required for a state of Flow. 

In the Sports context, some call it the "Zone" 

The state where people seem to effortlessly achieve stuff. When they keep getting energy from inside them. When each obstacle is viewed as an interesting challenge.

The state where you enjoy the doing for the sake of doing. Not for any outcome.

And in the process, get happier, achieve higher goals and are at complete peace with yourself.

So, how do we help kids in sports find the Flow?

The typical types of kids we see in sports:

1. Talented kids - with high skills. They know they are good. Never lose an opportunity to try.
2. Average kids - who can do a lot better but are not willing to try.
3. "Slow" kids - who do not have the skill and - after a few tries - have stopped trying.

In most sports programs - in-school as well as after-school - this classification is seen as permanent. And hence, only the talented kids - who are proactive in playing more - get all the attention, equipment, training, opportunities etc.

The other kids are not even trying - so, very often, it is not even a situation that demands conflict resolution.

However, the Skill Challenge matrix below - created by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - gives a neat structure for thinking about the problem.

And some implementable solutions for getting all kids to engage with sport and discover the state of Flow.

1. For the "Slow kids":

• If there is anxiety about the sports sessions i.e. they want to be there but are unsure about their abilities:
• Reduce the Challenge level of the sessions. Focus on improving their skills so that they move from Anxiety state to Control state.
• Once they have reached the Control state, increase the Challenge while keeping the Skill levels high so that they achieve Flow.

• If the kids are worried about how they will perform:
• Improve their skills so that they move to Relaxation/Control state.
• Then increase the Challenge levels to achieve Flow.

• If there is apathy: i.e. they just do not care about the sessions.
• Focus on improving their skills so that they move to the Relaxation state. They start enjoying the sessions because they can actually do the stuff that is expected of them.
• And then, increase the Challenge levels for them to move to Control & then, Flow.

2. For the Average kids:

• If they are bored with the activities:
• Increase the Challenge levels and you start them into Flow directly.
• If they are in a state of arousal, i.e. they think they should be able to handle the session but are unable to do the activities expected of them:
• Focus on improving their skill and get them to Flow directly.

3. For the Talented kids:

• Across all categories, there is only one solution. 
• Keep the challenge levels high. These kids love a challenge. 
• Keep improving their skills as you increase the challenge levels.

It is possible to get all children to enjoy the state of Flow in sports.

It just takes a structured program that can modulate the challenge levels & the skill learning levels according to the child you are dealing with.  The structured program will, in-turn, need individual assessments, ability to track each child over a time-period, well-defined norms for skill & challenge levels, adequate & appropriate props  that provides the ability to cater to the needs of the different categories of children.

Just having an age-appropriate program is not enough. It has to be "skill-appropriate" session!

But it is possible.

Most adults today have memories of apathy & boredom when they talk about their PE/sports sessions!

Over the last 5 years, EduSports has been able to move nearly 200,000 children - from 350 schools - across India from the Apathy/Boredom state to the Relaxation/Control state.
And many from Anxiety/Worry state to Control state.
And many to the Flow state.

At EduSports, we like to refer to the journey towards the "Flow" state in sports as the "Magic of Sports".

It has not been easy helping children go through the journey.

Limited time, limited space, limited budgets, academic pressures, parental apathy etc.

But it is possible - within the child's school's context & constraints. And there are enough school leaders who understand the value.

The magic of the journey and the joy of children finding the Flow state makes it all worth it.

Now, for the next 5 years and a million kids in the Flow state. :)

The Laws of Play! ....or Creating better learning environments – through Systems Design and Magic!

Over the last 4 years, I have heard various educationists, school leaders, teachers and policy makers talk - at various Education conferences & in the media - about the enormous challenges in school education.

Over time, I found a few recurring themes:

•  Focus on Learning. Not Teaching.
• Create the joy of learning – and children will learn for life.

The biggest challenge seems to be around creating better learning environments where children are fully engaged and where children develop a love for learning.

As an engineer, when confronted with a problem, one tends to focus on design - whether it involves making new things or tinkering with existing stuff.

Try something new to make a change.

Mr. Einstein defined Insanity as “doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results."

Are most of our school leaders in a state of temporary insanity? Doing the same thing and expecting different results?

Influencing any environment requires us to take into account the individuals involved & their design principles. 

And then try some new approach.

And when all other “scientific” approaches fail and the problem is a crucial one, turn to Magic!

For solving this seemingly unsolvable problem of creating better learning environments in schools, it is probably time to combine Systems Design with Magic.

Let me explain:

It seems to me that most of the parents, educationists, school leaders and other experts deeply concerned about creating a better learning environment in schools are missing a simple point:

The best use of a system is when you use it for what it was designed for.

And children are designed to learn through play.

Across all species, the young ones learn through play. They learn about their environment, their peers, their seniors, juniors, what hurts, what doesn’t, what works, what doesn’t.

And so do young humans. From a few months, the human child “plays” – with the mother, siblings, with toys  - and learns. Learns about how a smile elicits a positive response, how a cry gets attention, how shapes fit into slots, how pressing a button creates music, how moving the arm with the ball can make it bounce.

Through play, they learn.

Play is often confused with sport.

Play is when you start something because it sounds interesting, try different things, see what works, what doesn’t, do it many times learning something new every time – and have fun in the process.

Sport is one very well-defined form of Play. All kids love it – because it involves Play.

As our advisor, Dr. George Selleck said:

“Play is an scientific experiment conducted by children”

All parents & school leaders know that children love to play. And given a choice, they will be out playing – instead of learning English or Maths.

So, the “system” of the child is designed to play.

What does the “system” of education want to create? - Better learning environments.

What is the system of education currently designed to do? Deliver a consistent academic experience to all children, measure outcomes and track progress.

Leveraging the design of the current education system, understanding the design of the key constituency – children – and introducing the Magic of Play might give us useful answers.

Magic? What magic?

Kids kick a ball around, run around in the playground, try out new stuff, meet new friends – and you get better team players, kids who understand the value of hard-work, discipline, kids who are more focused, respect the rules, understand boundaries, kids who are fitter – physically and socially.

All of this just by playing!  No lectures. No teachers. No classes. Magic!

Over the last 10 years, I have seen the magic mesmerize children, parents, teachers, school leaders & educationists.

So, the best learning environments will be those that incorporate the Magic of Play into the design of the teaching-learning process. Play does not mean sport. But there are lessons from the playground that can be invaluable.

Children can “play” with science. Try out new experiments, see how stuff works, how it reacts when you throw in a new item.

Children can “play” with geography.  With history. With maths.

In order to understand how to create better learning environments through Play, it is important to understand the “10 Laws of Play”. Laws that I have postulated based on what I have learnt while watching kids play & trying to get 200,000 children to play more over the last 10 years.

Here goes:

Universal Foundation of Play: You play to have fun.

Fun does not mean children have to be laughing all the time. Fun, as Dr. Selleck articulated beautifully, means:

1.       Children are deeply engaged in the activity.

2.       Children are connected to the group around them.

3.       Children are pushed slightly beyond their limits.

1^st Law of Play: You play with whatever you have.

Children are willing to work with constraints. They innovate.

Small classrooms? No problem.

Limited time? No problem.

Shared resources? No problem.

As long as they can continue to play and have fun.

2^nd Law of Play: You choose the game. You make the rules.

Children make up rules as they go – in response to the environment. If an angry neighbor is around, you get “out” if your ball hits his window.

Change the game if you need to. Change the rules to include new players, new constraints.

Don’t get stuck with how it was supposed to be done. Try a new approach to teaching.

The goal is not to do it “properly”.

The goal is to play, learn and have fun in the process.

3^rd Law of Play: The more you play, the less you get tired.

If real play is happening, children can stay focused for a very, very long time. They do not get tired. They do not get hungry. They do not need to go to the bathroom.  They keep playing and learning.

You want kids to be engaged in class? Get them to “play” while they learn.

4^th Law of Play: The more fluid the game, the lesser the captain matters.

Fluid games (like football & basketball) do not really need a “captain” or a “leader” while the game is on. The situation creates the leader. Structured games (like cricket) need a formal leader.

The teacher, instead of leading the class, can be the cheerleader of the class. Urging the team in the right direction, anchoring the learning to the school’s context and getting all the children involved in the learning process.

5^th Law of Play: More scars = More fun = More learning

The scars are proof that they really tried, took a risk and went beyond what was comfortable.

Mistakes are part of the learning process. Let kids “fall”.  That’s how they will really learn.

6^th Law of Play: The more you play, the more you win.

As the child plays with the subject matter, the probability of the “Aha!” moment increases. And this win is long-lasting and intrinsic.

7^th Law of Play: You need just one big win.

One big “Aha!” moment and the concept has been understood for life.

8^th Law of Play: Respect the heroes. Don’t copy them.

Children learn from their teachers, their peers and from their “heroes”. But each child has an individuality that needs to be supported. Help children see what the “heroes” do & integrate the best practices into their style.

9^th Law of Play: Mastery requires Practice. Lots of it.

Sport is probably the best teacher for this fundamental law – of Play and of Life.

All children understand that unless they practice, they will not get better. And their friends are getting better because they are practicing – regularly and in large enough amounts.

Get them to play regularly and they will appreciate the value of hard-work and discipline.

10^th Law of Play: The game never ends.

The child wants to keep playing. If it is too late, we continue tomorrow. If it is raining, wait for the rain to stop – if they are not allowed to play in the rain!

The game never ends. And the fun, the learning and the joy of play never ends.

If we are able to get our children to experience the joy of play at school, they will seek out play for life.  They will seek out friends who also share their passion for play, for exploring new things, for learning.

They will seek out opportunities for fun, for learning and keep learning for life.

The oft-heard saying:

Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.

should actually be re-worded this way (in the context of learning environments in schools):

Give a child a lesson and you teach him for a day. Teach a child to play and you teach him for a lifetime.

The benefits of play, sport & physical activity in the playground are well known to all educationists.

Fitter children. Physically fitter & socially fitter.

Better discipline.

Better focus.

Better teamwork.

Etc…

While, over the last 4 years, we have been trying to “Extend the classrooms into the playground” - by bringing a structured  inclusive approach, assessments, teacher training and monitoring to the sports experience, it seems that the Playground also has a lot to offer to the classrooms.

Integrating the 10 Laws of Play into the design of the learning environment will help you create an environment that is aligned with the design of the key constituency – the child.

And while the approach is tough and new, the teacher that succeeds in integrating Play into the classroom will have created a magical learning environment where kids want to be, where all kids learn and all kids develop a joy from learning that will last for life.

Enjoy the Game!

Play, Mastery & Careers!

Children love to play.

Children love novelty.

They love a new game, a new toy, a new anything.

After some time, the newer game is more exciting.

Till they see the next new game.

And so, the cycle continues.

Until they start to build mastery in a particular area - sports, arts, dance, music, maths, science....whatever.

And once they find that area, they focus on it. No parental push required.

Somehow, they know that they need to focus on doing the same thing better. Again and again. They get joy from small improvements. And they do not seek novelty as much as earlier.

Why do some children continue to seek novelty while others seek mastery?

Maybe children have an instinctive feel of what they are good at - and what they are not good at. Or of what they do not like to do...while still not being clear about what they want to attain mastery in.

Maybe the children who seek novelty are still seeking that one area where they would like to attain mastery.

Kind of like what we do with our careers.

There is something magical about "I started that new project and built it to Level 1" as against "I built that project from Level 1 to Level 10".

In the early years, doing the same thing again and again - but also better and better - gets seen as stagnation.

Team members - especially the younger ones - demand new projects, exciting new areas where they can test their skills and build new ones.

And once the new project becomes not-so-new, they want the next new project.

The next new game.

But mastery demands focus & depth. Not variety & superficiality.

Maybe there is a lesson from children at play.

Keep playing. Try new games, new projects, new ideas.

But if you get a shot at becoming a Master of something you love, grab it.

And then, focus. Enjoy the small improvements.

Enjoy the ride.

Is IBL the formula for all sports?

Having grown up playing Badminton, I was extremely excited about the Indian Badminton League.

For many years now, I have been following World Badminton - online, on NEO Sports and many other channels on which the various tournaments get shown.

At home, there have been multiple times that I have watched the World's Top Badminton players  - like Lin Dan and Lee Chong Wei - play a fantastic game - and my family did not really bother to watch. No questions.  Just the usual "Dad and his sports". :)

Not even my sports crazy 7 yr old boy - or my 9 yr old daughter who - unfortunately - likes to watch sports more than play them.

And now, with the IBL, both of them are really excited about the teams, they are tracking the points table, they know who the players are, they've made posters supporting "Banga Beats" etc etc.

Recently, my cricket-football crazy boy asked if we can play Badminton. Twice in a week.

And the last time, as we were heading to the court, he stated, "I am Lee Chong Wei. Who are you?"

Now, when I watch IBL on TV, my kids snuggle up and start asking me details of who is playing, who is winning, about the mysterious and dynamic out line in doubles, why there are so many "referees" etc etc.

Of course, the Indian player gets all the support at home - never mind if they have never heard of the player or after multiple days of trying, they are still having a tough time remembering the name "Kashyap" (Banga Beat's Icon Player)

Many other folks I know are following the IBL closely.  Folks that have never played or watched Badminton on TV - except when Saina was playing. And some of them have not even done that.

Before IBL, there was much better quality Badminton on TV.
Before IBL, the world's best players and much better players than the current IBL players were playing LIVE on TV.
Before IBL, the matches were shown round the clock. Multiple times.
Before IBL, hardly anybody in India knew who "Lee Chong Wei" was. Most of them did not even know who PV Sindhu was.

Before IBL, the matches involving Saina were telecast multiple times. Only the times when she won against the Chinese and the Malaysians.

But nobody watched Badminton. Nobody talked about it.

Clearly, just having access to good quality sport was not enough to get folks to follow it.

So, why is IBL getting popular?  I do not have TRP rating data - but relative to the earlier status of Badminton, more people are definitely following it.

Same sport. Lesser quality players. Poorer quality matches. And now people are watching IBL? Buying tickets for matches? Why? What changed?

In one word: Familiarity.

I think IBL has presented the magical combination of familiarity and sport.

Sport is an extremely emotional, magical, intense and often polarizing force. But in an unfamiliar context, people just shrug their shoulders and move on. The same sport is impotent. The magic is not working.

IBL - with it's city-based franchisee system & Indian players - brought in the familiarity component. The game suddenly became something personal.

The feeling that if someone, however foreign her name and looks, is part of something I can relate to, I can root for her.

And by making the Lee Chong Wei's of the world part of the Mumbai Masters, Pune Pistons, Banga Beats, Awadhe Warriors, Delhi Smashers, Hyderabad Hotshots, one important gap - of familiarity - was bridged.

Names like Taufik Hidayat, Tine Baun, Mark Zweibler, Juliane Schenk, Liew Darren, Carolina Marin.....world-class players, but unknown in India. Even some of the Indian players - like Kashyap, Sindhu, Bhat, Sai etc were unknown till recently.

Unknown players. Known cities.

And so, however foreign your looks or your name, if you play for "my city", I will cheer for you. IMO, this is not an "Indian" trait. This is a fundamentally human trait - and represents the real unifying power of sport.

What IBL has done is to connect that power of good quality sports with the power of familiarity - of the city and of other Indian players.

Yes, IPL has done it earlier and at a much larger scale. But IPL had the leverage of a cricket-crazy nation, media & sponsors.

IBL did not.

And hence the IBL way might be the solution for other sports that are in a similar situation.

Create good quality sports competitions. That is a prerequisite.

As are good venues, easy tickets access, on-time starts, family-friendly facilities, clean toilets, food for kids, some entertainment, good quality refereeing etc etc. Those are all "hygiene factors". Necessary but not sufficient for success.

The sufficiency comes from making world class sport personal. Making it familiar. Making fans relate to the players, to the team - and be able to connect with other fans on a common platform.

That said, IBL also had the advantage of most fans being able to relate to the sport of Badminton. Most folks had played it in the open, in parks or at school. Unlike, say, car-racing or adventure sport or golf - where large fan bases are unable to relate to the sport.

The sports that are able to make the personal connection with fans are the ones that will grow.

Maybe, just maybe, the IBL way is the formula for all sports.  Fingers crossed! :)

Sports & the challenge of patronage.

From the little history that I have read, performing arts - and sports was considered one of them - have historically survived because of the patronage of the king.

The king spots a talent, sponsors the talent and provides the facilities required for the talent to thrive.

The talent gets a salary so that s/he can focus on the skill s/he is good at.  Not sure if any talented sportsperson or artisan got rich through this method. But I guess it was a good way of earning a living and supporting your family.

In today's world, the problem with sports and other performing arts - all labelled so nicely as "Co-scholastic" activities in the school system - is that they have historically thrived on royal patronage.

And in every discussion about the state of sports and arts in India, the discussion goes towards "The Government should implement so-and-so policies" "The Government should support the stars of India" etc.

In most countries across the world, the state provides the grounds, stadiums, parks, community recreational centers - and then private entrepreneurs run programs on that state-provided infrastructure. This is a key point as the opportunity cost of real estate does not enter the economics.

If a private player had to think about providing a large plot of land for a sports activity, the opportunity cost of building a large apartment complex would just kill the model.

Even the richest sports body in the world, the BCCI, uses government provided infrastructure. They do not have their own stadiums.

Society has never been able to promote sports without the state's support. There are enough stories of "passing the hat around" during county cricket games - as a way of collecting some money for the players.

With the IPL, modern-day kings have appeared in the form of IPL Franchisees. This is seen across the world with people buying football clubs, basketball franchisees etc.

And again, the sport thrives because modern-day Rajas have patronised the game, funded the system, paid the players a lot of money and used the state-created sports infrastructure.

In the last 50-odd years, with all the bluster around NBA, NFL etc and now IPL, there is a whole industry around helping young kids make a career out of sport.

And that is where we have a design level flaw. Sports was meant to be played for the joy and fun of it. Now,  it is being played because there is a career at the end of it.

Ask any successful sportsperson and s/he will tell you that s/he played for the love of the game. Never with a thought of turning pro. If it happens, great. If not, hey, I am enjoying the game.

The modern-day patronage in the form of professional clubs, franchisees etc is presenting a challenge to the original concept of sport. And taking the attention towards the "top-of-the-pyramid", the best kids in sport. The kids who, by definition, are the top 0.01% of the population (wrt sporting abilities). And in the process, the remaining 99.99% are losing interest in sport. Because it is made to seem as if sport is not for them. It is only for the 0.01%.

Since the patronage (and the returns expected by the patrons) inherently works on the principle of peak performance, there is very little motivation towards getting all kids to play and develop through the sports experience.

Without confronting this challenge of patronage in sports & its resultant issues, we cannot move ahead on the point of a sporting culture, sporting nation etc.

For any sport or performing art to flourish on its own - without the patronage of the state or the modern-day Rajas, it has to make sense for the common man (rather, child) to engage in it. And hence, the benefits have to be such that they make sense for the child to engage in sport - and for the parent to encourage the engagement - even if there is no career in that field going ahead.

The health & fitness benefits, the social well-being and the all-rounded personality that develops through participation in sports are key benefits acknowledged by parents, employers, co-workers and society.

Those are the reasons most people ascribe to their "success" in adult or professional life. Not the marks they scored.

The educational value of the sports experience is crucial to a child's development.

And hence it cannot be left to patronage. Or at the mercy of haphazard urban planning wherein playgrounds disappear as dumping lots or are never created.

The school system has to deliver the educational value of the sports experience. Every parent should demand a good sports experience for their child, especially if their child is not in the school team.

Only by demanding that an inclusive sports experience be an integral part of every child's education can we fight off the challenge of patronage.

Children at Play. All fun. No learn?

Over the last 4 years of engaging with school leaders, parents, school coordinators, PE teachers, class teachers and school trustees on the challenge of getting kids to play in-school, there has been one consistent issue all along.

It comes disguised in various comments we hear regularly:

"The children should see different props and equipment regularly"

"The children seem to be doing the same activity multiple times"

"When children play, they should have fun"

Here is the "issue": The belief that when children play, there should be fun & novelty.

The problem is that the people making the statements are not always viewing things from a child's perspective or from an understanding of the physical development experience.

Let's take each aspect:

1. FUN: As our dear advisor, Dr. George Selleck puts it: "Fun is not only about kids laughing and running around  the sprinklers in the lawn". He presented 3 essential components of FUN i.e. anybody is having "fun" when:

• they are fully involved in the activity.
• they are fully engaged with the group they are in.
• they are stretched to their limits - and maybe slightly beyond.

As adults, we have inadvertently connected fun with laughter, lack of pressure and lack of goals. But in real life, that is not the only time we have fun. More often than not, we have fun when none of these are present.

When you work hard on an interesting problem, you are having fun. Nobody is laughing or giggling. When someone runs a marathon, they have fun. When a job is challenging, has a good set of co-workers and keeps you fully engaged, you have fun. There is pressure. There are goals to be met. And it is fun.

Building EduSports has been fun. It has been tough. But fun. Or maybe, it has been fun because it has been tough. Designing the program, convincing the school leaders & parents, delivering the program, incorporating feedback, failing, getting it right, failing some more - and then some moments of magic. That whole ride is fun.

If all it took to sign-up schools for the EduSports program was to put an ad in the papers, it might not have been fun! :)

In the Play context, children will have fun when they learn something new with the group they are in & when they are stretched to their limits.

How do children learn something new?: Through observation, action, imitation and repetition.

Most schools understand this learning process in the academic context. However, in the physical activity/sports context, many forget to apply the same principles.

During my childhood Badminton training days, our coach used to insist that we watch other players play. Good advice - though we were too restless to follow it for more than a few minutes.

Learning by doing  is the most important element of learning in the physical activity/sports context.
And you have to keep doing to ensure that you remember what you have learnt. Just because you could kick a ball well in your childhood does not mean you can do that today - unless you have been doing it regularly ever since.

When will they get stretched to their limits? When the teacher makes them do more than they think they can. More often than they'd probably do on their own. And that's when they start learning.

When children are watching, learning, practicing, repeating, they are having fun. It probably does not seem like fun to an adult watching the program. But the program is not for adults. It is for the kids.

2. Novelty: Novel props. Unique equipment. Change it every few months. Why? Very often (and as was admitted by one candid trustee) because the school leader/co-ordinators have got tired of seeing the same equipment! The kids are fine as long as they get to play! 

The assumption that children will learn new things only when there are novel props/equipment is a questionable one. While the equipment has to be functional, safe and age-appropriate, the objective of the program is to give the children the appropriate experience.

The objective is NOT to expose them to new props.

Hey, even Sachin Tendulkar uses the same hurdles, cones and hoops that a child in primary school uses.

In the physical development context, 80% of the exercises/routines done by a professional sportsperson and a child in primary school are the same. And hence, the equipment is the same.

What changes with every level is the intensity and the complexity of activities that are done. Because the props are a means to an end. Not the end in itself.

And that, to my mind, is the crux of the issue:   

The goal of an in-school sports & physical activity program is to ensure that all children learn the right skills & the right fitness at the right age. And therefore, develop a liking for sports/physical activity for life. And remain healthy & fit kids growing up to be healthy & fit adults. 

Getting them to learn the right fitness & skill is the key ingredient for them to stay healthy & fit for life. Healthy & fit - physically as well as socially. 

The adult on the ground has to facilitate the learning process while ensuring kids have fun. Not entertain the kids. It is a sports education program. Not a show on Disney.

If our children get used to a program that works only when there is a "character" on the ground who makes them jump around and laugh, how will they ever play on their own? They need to experience the FUN of observing a new skill, working hard, failing a few times and finally getting it right.

And then, they will seek out opportunities to play. Not have to be pushed by a parent or pulled by a "character" who puts on a show every evening in order to get them to play.

The right kind of fun will make a life-changing impact on our kids. The superficial fun will have an impact for those 30 minutes. And that's it.

If we want our children to learn the right fitness & the right skills at the right age, we have to introduce a certain amount of rigour. Just having them run around with no structure, no learning outcomes, no focus on practicing a certain skill till they get it right will make a mockery of the entire effort.

We risk having a completely superficial program - with lots of laughter (fun?) and novelty but no learning - if we stay with an incorrect understanding of fun and obsessed with novelty.

It is called Physical Education for a reason. It is about the Physical. And it is an integral part of Education.

Let's not trivialize it by diluting the rigour required for any education process to be effective.

The rigour creates the fun & the life-long impact.

Are rich kids not hungry for success in sports?

Over the years, I have been involved in many, many discussions around the state of sports in India.  Invariably, it gets to the point about kids, nurturing talent, the issues with the sports system etc.

And then it gets to this one point: The future champions of sports in India will come from the semi-urban and rural India.  And from kids who are from an economically lower strata.

"The rich kids are just not hungry enough", many - including me - have asserted - and received many vigorous nods in agreement.

Of late, I have been having second thoughts on this one.

I have seen some well-to-do kids  pursuing sports seriously. Not as a career - yet. But extremely involved. Attending camps in the morning before school. Tournaments on weekends. Practice. Fitness. Skills. Matches. Their life revolves around the game. I see them as hungry as I have seen anybody else.

Some of the best players India has produced - in cricket, squash, tennis, tabe tennis etc - have been from well-to-do families.

From the child's perspective, s/he is making the most of what is available - coaching, equipment, apparel, shoes, tournaments etc.

The rich kids get more of it - and make the most of it.
The poor kids get less of it - and make the most of it.

The "chasm" for the rich kids comes at the point when the child reaches 8th/9th grade. Suddenly, the options start opening up on the academic side - coaching, books, online resources, quizzes, contests etc.
And the child is urged to make the most of what is available.  It also makes sense for the child to evaluate sports v/s academics.

Barring a few geniuses, most kids in 8th/9th don't really know where they stand wrt the national/international circuits.  Many of the dominant national junior or sub-junior champs burnout and do not really make it to the top senior nationals. So, a child in 8th grade doesn't really have enough information to conclude whether he is good enough in the sport and therefore is it worth pursuing as a career.

But, unlike the poor child, the rich child has few extremely well-configured choices.

It is, therefore, not the lack of hunger in the rich child that prevents him from making it big in sports. It is the presence of choice. Of alternate career paths. Of parents who can buy them a seat in a US university.

The rich child is as hungry for success in sport as the poor child. The poor child just has no choice. He has to succeed.

Eliminating choice, not developing hunger, as a strategy for success. Interesting, what?